Question 1
« Supercapacitors »
are challenging the dominance of lithium batteries as energy storage elements
to power modern electronic gadgets (mobile phones, tablets, etc.)
Using the
AOU e-library or any other Internet reliable resource, you are asked to prepare
a short report about supercapacitors for portable devices.
You report
should include the following information:
Introduction about supercapacitors how supercapacitors work
Advantages of supercapacitors compared to Lithium batteries
Difficulties to use of supercapacitors in portable devices
Question
2
Convolutional
encoding is used in different communication technologies to detect and correct
transmission errors. In a convolutional code, each m-bit information symbol to
be encoded is transformed into an n-bit, where m/n is the code rate (n ≥ m) and
the transformation is a function of the last k information bits, where k is the
constraint length of the code. [1].
The figure
above represents the internal structure of a convolutional encoder. This
encoder has one input bit (I), three shift registers (R1, R2
and R3), three XOR gates (+ sign) and three outputs (O1,
O2 and O3). The three registers are initialized to
zero. Note that (A XOR B XOR C) = (A XOR B) XOR C.
a) Based
on the definitions mentioned above, what are the code rate and the constraint
length of this convolutional encoder? Justify your answer
b) Consider
the following symbol: 10110 to be encoded using this convolutional encoder.
What is the encoded symbol? The sequence of input bits starts with the most
significant bit of the symbol (1) and ends with the least significant bit (0).
You SHOULD detail your answer by drawing the detailed state of the encoder (the
value of the three registers, inputs of XOR gates) for
each input bit and the corresponding output bits. Providing the final answer
only is not acceptable
c) Express
each of the three output bits (O1, O2 and O3)
as a function of the input bit (I) and the value of three registers ((R1,
R2 and R3)
d) The
trellis diagram is a way to represent the operation of the convolutional
encoder. It has a number of levels that correspond to the different possible
states of the encoder and the transition between the different states based on
the input bit. The transition between two levels (states) is represented by an
arrow going from one level to another level. The arrow is labeled with the
input bit and the corresponding output bits (between parenthesis). Based on
this definition, answer the following questions:
i.
How many levels the trellis diagram of
the convolutional encoder (illustrated in the figure above) has?
ii.
Draw the trellis diagram of the
convolutional encoder. You can use the result of part c) to simplify the
elaboration of this diagram.
Question
3
HDMI
(High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is “the industry-leading technology and
de-facto standard connecting high-definition (HD) equipment, from HDTVs and
personal computers to cameras, camcorders, tablets, Blu-ray players, gaming
consoles, smart phones, and just about any other device capable of sending or
receiving an HD signal” [2].
The specifications
of the HDMI evolved from version 1.0 (December 2002) to 2.0 (ongoing work –
will be released in the first half 2013). In this question, you are asked to
describe this evolution by indicating the difference improvements (maximum throughputs,
color depth, etc.) between the different specifications.
Question
4
Many people
consider Copyright laws (with the associated complexity and bureaucracy) as a
limitation to creativity. This led to the emergence of a number of concepts
that try to solve the copyright-laws issues while not discarding the concept of
copyright. One of them is the “Share Alike” introduced by the Creative Common (CC)
movement [3] (you have been introduced to the CC in Block 2 of T325).
Using AOU
E-Library and/or any other Internet reliable resources, present
·
The objectives of this movement
·
The different license elements defined
by the CC
·
The possible licenses available.
Support your
explanation by providing examples of Copyrighted material protected
under each type of license.
